Italian battleship Dante Alighieri passes the Ponte Girevole swing bridge at Taranto, 1918.

Dante Alighieri was the first battleship to have her main guns set in triple turrets at the time of her launching. She was launched ten months before Viribus Unitis but completed six weeks later than the Austro-Hungarian vessel.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_battleship_Dante_Alighieri

German battlecruiser SMS Moltke at Hampton Roads, Virginia, June 1912.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Moltke

Officers pose near one of the two 10" main guns on Imperial Japanese Navy protected cruiser Naniwa upon completion.

According to Wikipedia, she was "considered the most advanced and most powerful cruiser in the world" when completed in 1885.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Naniwa

Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Prinz Eugen in 1913.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Prinz_Eugen

Imperial Russian Navy armoured cruiser Gromoboi.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Gromoboi

Close-up of the central citadel on the French battleship Richelieu.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_battleship_Richelieu

Orion class battleship HMS Conqueror.

I have seen this picture sometimes identified as HMS Orion but base the naming here on the Clyde-built database. The first British superdreadnoughts, the Orion class vessels represented an increase in gun size from 12" to 13.5", along with the abandonment of wing turrets for the main armament. From now on, the main armament would be mounted in the more efficient centre-line arrangement with superfiring turrets (although the Orion class still had a Q turret awkwardly placed between between the aft funnel and the aft superstructure).
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Conqueror_(1911)

Battleship USS Iowa entering floating dry-dock ABSD-2 at Manus Island, Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea), December 28th 1944.

Notice how her dual-purpose secondary armament can aim almost at the zenith to tackle not only surface threats but also high-level bombing.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Iowa_(BB-61)

Italian light cruiser Raimondo Montecuccoli taking part in NATO maneuvers in the Mediterranean, 1953.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Raimondo_Montecuccoli

Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Haruna undergoes trials following her second reconstruction, August 28th 1934.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Haruna

German predreadnought battleship SMS Deutschland, Swinemünde, August 2nd-6th 1907.

Note the the Imperial Russian Navy standard on her foremast as this was during Czar Nicholas II's visit to Kaiser Wilhelm II.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Deutschland_(1904)

French armoured cruiser Edgar Quinet in 1907.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_armoured_cruiser_Edgar_Quinet_(1907)

Aft turret on the Imperial Russian Navy protected cruiser Oleg, 1905.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Oleg

Battlecruiser HMS Repulse off the coast of Australia, March 25th 1924.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(1916)

Aft 10"/40 Mark 3 gun turret on armoured cruiser USS Washington (later renamed USS Seattle) during practice shoot circa 1916.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Seattle_(ACR-11)

Italian predreadnought battleship Emanuele Filiberto.

Class details: http://www.cityofart.net/bship/rn_st_bon.html

Imperial Japanese Navy predreadnought battleship Asahi, July 1900.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Asahi

Kaiser Wilhelm II on the German predreadnought battleship that bears his name.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_II

Terrible class French coastal defense Ironclad predreadnought battleship Caiman.

Amongst the last representatives of the so-called 'monster gun era' that started in 1872 with the launch of the Italian Duilio, vessels of this class mounted two very large (16.5" caliber) single guns in barbettes fore and aft. Caiman was launched in May 1885 and scrapped in 1927.
Class details: http://www.cityofart.net/bship/fr_requin.html

Imperial Russian Navy protected cruiser Aurora circa 1910.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Aurora

Battleship HMS Ramillies before September 1934.

From an undated postcard. She still has on turrets B & X the two aircraft flying-off platforms that were added in 1918 but removed and replaced by a catapult fittted to X turret during her June 1932-September 1934 major refit. Also during that refit, her main mast was altered into a tripod mast by the addition of two struts, not present here.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Ramillies_(07)

Battleship USS Arkansas, January 1st 1918.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Arkansas_(BB-33)

Officers pose for the camera near a 5.9" gun on board the Italian protected cruiser Giovanni Bausan during her sea trials, circa 1885.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Giovanni_Bausan

Brazilian protected cruiser Almirante Barroso.

Ship details: http://warshipsresearch.blogspot.ca/2011/12/brazilian-protected-cruiser-barroso-or.html

Imperial Japanese Navy armoured cruiser Yakumo in Australia.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Yakumo

On the deck of the French armoured cruiser Amiral Aube in 1902.

Showing the 194 mm/50 (7.64") Model 1902 forward gun.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_cruiser_Amiral_Aube

Imperial Russian navy predreadnought battleship Imperator Aleksandr III at Reval in 1904.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_battleship_Imperator_Aleksandr_III_(1901)

German armoured cruiser SMS Scharnhorst.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Scharnhorst

Battleship HMS Agincourt in 1916.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Agincourt_(1913)

Battleships USS New York and USS Texas light up the New York City night sky, May 3rd 1939, during the New York World's Fair.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_New_York_(BB-34)
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Texas_(BB-35)

Italian battleship Littorio.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_battleship_Littorio

Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Kawachi at anchor.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Kawachi

Imperial Russian Navy battleship Imperatritsa Mariya, June 24th 1915.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_battleship_Imperatritsa_Mariya

Léon Gambetta class French armoured cruiser Victor Hugo in 1907.

Class details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Léon_Gambetta-class_cruiser

Deutschland class German predreadnought battleship.

I have seen this photograph identified as both the SMS Deutschland and the SMS Schleswig-Holstein. My gut feeling is it's the Deutschland due to the bow ornament.
Class details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschland-class_battleship

Stern view of the Italian battleship Giulio Cesare, 1926.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_battleship_Giulio_Cesare

Battleship HMS Barham in 1937.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Barham_(04)

Laundry day on predreadnought battleship USS Alabama, circa 1900.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Alabama_(BB-8)

Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Kirishima at Kure, Japan, March 10th1940.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Kirishima

Imperial Russian Navy predreadnought battleship Sinop at Sevastopol.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_battleship_Sinop

French predreadnought battleship Liberté on the Hudson River in 1909.

From Wikipedia: "1909 Hudson-Fulton Celebration" in 1909. From Saturday, 25 September, to Monday, 11 October 1909, the U.S. state of New York commemorated the 300th anniversary of the discovery of the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in 1609 and the 100th anniversary of the first successful navigation of the river with a steamboat Robert Fulton in 1807."
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_battleship_Liberté

Kaiser class German battleship SMS König Albert.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_König_Albert

Italian armoured cruiser San Marco coaling up.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cruiser_San_Marco

Iron Duke class battleship HMS Marlborough in 1912.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Marlborough_(1912)

Predreadnought battleship USS Massachusetts in 1899.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Massachusetts_(BB-2)

Imperial Japanese Navy heavy cruiser Ashigara, Spithead Coronation Fleet Review, May 20th 1937.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Ashigara

Imperial Russian Navy turret ironclad Petr Veliky before her 1904 reconstruction.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_ironclad_Petr_Veliky

Canadian light cruiser HMCS Ontario (former HMS Minotaur) docked in Vancouver harbour, May 20th 1948.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMCS_Ontario_(C53)

French predreadnought battleship Masséna, Toulon harbour, 1898-1899.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_battleship_Masséna