Italian battleship Conte di Cavour in 1938.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conte_di_Cavour_class_battleship

SMS Hagen, German coastal defense ironclad.

Note the prominent tumblehome shape amidship.
Ship details: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Hagen

Battlecruiser HMS Renown visiting Auckland, April 1920.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Renown_(1916)

French predreadnought battleship Liberté.

Ship details: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_battleship_Liberté

Town-class light cruiser HMS Sheffield in 1942.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Sheffield_(C24)

German battleship SMS Nassau as seen from a Zeppelin.

Germany's first dreadnought, which still had reciprocating engines. Note how the hexagonal arrangement of non-superimposed turrets for the main battery limits the broadsides to eight guns firing.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Nassau

Imperial Russian Navy predreadnought battleship Rotislav in 1901.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_battleship_Rostislav

Battleship USS Mississippi in the Panama Canal locks during the 1920s.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Mississippi_(BB-41)

German battlecruiser SMS Moltke at Hampton Roads, Virginia, June 3rd 1912.

With the booms of her antitorpedo nets folded along her sides.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Moltke

Italian battleship Regina Elena.

Ship details: http://www.cityofart.net/bship/rn_ve2.html

French protected cruiser Châteaurenault.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_protected_cruiser_Châteaurenault

Battleship USS Missouri, July 1944.

One month after she was commissioned.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Missouri_(BB-63)

Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Fuso, May 10th 1933.

After her first modernization, around the time of her sea trials.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Fusō

Queen Elizabeth-class battleship HMS Barham in 1941.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Barham_(04)

German battlecruiser Gneisenau, early appearance (1938-1939).

With the original straight bow that caused forward flooding in heavy seas and was replaced later with a raised bow. Note also the lack of diagonal cap on the smoke stack.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_battleship_Gneisenau

Aft turrets of the German light cruiser Königsberg.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_cruiser_Königsberg

Battleship USS Idaho.

Off Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands in January-February 1944, a time during which she did shore bombardment of Japanese positions.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Idaho_(BB-42)

Battlecruiser HMS Invincible on the Hudson River.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Invincible_(1907)

French battleship Richelieu.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_battleship_Richelieu

Imperial Russian Navy predreadnought battleship Ioann Zlatoust.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_battleship_Ioann_Zlatoust

Imperial Japanese Navy battlecruiser Hiei.

Departing Yokosuka for Kure, Japan on March 23rd 1914.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Hiei

Battleship HMS Warspite.

Prior to her 1934 modernization.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Warspite_(03)

French protected cruiser Jurien de la Gravière.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_cruiser_Jurien_de_la_Gravière

Italian light cruiser Raimondo Montecuccoli visiting Australia in 1938.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cruiser_Raimondo_Montecuccoli

Predreadnought battleship USS Oregon in Portland, 1939.

On the Willamette River.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Oregon_(BB-3)

Armoured cruiser SMS Prinz Adalbert.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Prinz_Adalbert_(1901)

Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Yamato, October 20th 1941.

During her sea trials off Japan, near Bungo Strait.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Yamato

HMS Vanguard: The last British battleship.

In 1950 with the destroyer HMS Obedient.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Vanguard_(23)

Battlecruiser HMS Tiger.

Prior to her 1918 refit.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Tiger_(1913)

Battleship USS South Dakota in Puget Sound, August 21st 1944.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_South_Dakota_(BB-57)

French battleship Danton.

An intermediate or semi-dreadnought known for her many funnels.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_battleship_Danton

Moltke-class battlecruiser SMS Goeben.

During her sea trials. The ship that brought Turkey into World War I on the German side.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Goeben

Monitor USS Puritan around 1898.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Puritan_(BM-1)

German armoured cruiser SMS Scharnhorst, Admiral Spee's flagship in the East Asia Squadron.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_Scharnhorst

French fast battleship Dunkerque in 1938.

An intermediate design that can also be considered a battlecruiser.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_battleship_Dunkerque

Imperial Russian Navy predreadnought battleship Knyaz Suvorov

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_battleship_Knyaz_Suvorov

County-class heavy cruiser H.M.S. Cornwall, July 1936.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Cornwall_(56)

Imperial Japanese Navy battlecruiser Haruna under construction.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Haruna

Imperial Russian Navy predreadnought battleship Retvizan.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_battleship_Retvizan

Battlecruiser HMS Repulse entering Vancouver harbour, June 25th 1924.

The row of scuttles forward of A turret highlights the shortness of her side armour belt.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(1916)

Battleship USS Arizona showing aft turrets and lattice masts.

Probably during the 1920s. The cagemasts typical of American battleships of the period were replaced by more conventional tripod masts during her modernization in 1929-1930.
Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Arizona_(BB-39)

Battlecruiser H.M.S. New Zealand at Adelaide, May 1919.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_New_Zealand_(1911)

Ironclad battleship H.M.S. Edinburgh

H.M.S. Edinburgh and her sister Colossus, were the first  British battleships to mount breech-loading main guns and to replace iron armour with compound armour, principally in the form of an armoured citadel amidships.

Ship details: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Edinburgh_(1882)